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Loading contentThe discipline that makes a number science: calibrating instruments against known standards, tying measurements to common reference frames, propagating uncertainties, and stating the statistical confidence of a result. In astronomy, a measurement without an error bar is not a measurement.
Facts on this topic will be cited from these primary and reference sources.
Mission data, planetary science, space telescopes, and public-domain imagery.
Most NASA-produced imagery is in the public domain; individual items are checked for usage terms before publication.