Loading…
Loading contentLoading…
Loading contentRoscosmos is the state corporation responsible for the space program of the Russian Federation.
organization:roscosmosDataset membership
Open data
In the graph export: graph.json · graph.jsonld
Planned API: GET /api/v0/entities/organization:roscosmos
Scientific entity. See the evidence framework and authority dashboard.
How Roscosmos connects across Asteria Star — scientific, cultural, and astrological links are kept separate.
+24 more
Soyuz is a family of expendable launch vehicles operated by Roscosmos that has long carried crews and cargo to orbit, including to the International Space Station.
The International Space Station is a crewed modular space station in low Earth orbit, operated as a partnership among NASA, Roscosmos, ESA, JAXA, and the CSA.
The Soviet Luna program achieved many lunar firsts, including the first impact, first far-side images, and first robotic sample return.
The Lunokhod program operated the first robotic rovers on the Moon.
The Soviet Venera program returned the first data and images from the surface of Venus.
The Vostok program carried out the first human spaceflight, by Yuri Gagarin in 1961.
The Voskhod program achieved the first multi-crew flight and the first spacewalk.
The Soyuz program has provided crewed access to orbit for over five decades and remains a mainstay of ISS crew transport.
A Russian heavy-lift rocket used to launch interplanetary probes, large satellites, and space-station modules.
The world's first and largest spaceport, from which Sputnik 1 and Yuri Gagarin were launched and Soyuz crews still depart for the ISS.
A northern Russian launch site used heavily for polar-orbit and military launches.
Sputnik 1 was the first artificial satellite, launched by the Soviet Union and opening the Space Age.
Vostok 1 carried Yuri Gagarin on the first human spaceflight, a single orbit of the Earth.
Vostok 6 carried Valentina Tereshkova, the first woman to fly in space.
Voskhod 2 was the mission on which Alexei Leonov performed the first spacewalk.
First lunar impact · USSR · launched 1959.
Luna 9 achieved the first soft landing on the Moon and returned the first images from the lunar surface.
Luna 17 delivered Lunokhod 1, the first robotic rover to operate on the surface of another world.
Venera 7 made the first soft landing on another planet and the first transmission from the surface of Venus.
The first robotic rover to operate on the surface of another world, delivered to the Moon by Luna 17.
Yuri Gagarin — the first human to journey into outer space and orbit the Earth, aboard Vostok 1.
Valentina Tereshkova — the first woman to fly in space, aboard Vostok 6.
Alexei Leonov — the first person to perform a spacewalk, during Voskhod 2.
Mir was the Soviet and later Russian modular space station, the first long-term research station in orbit and a proving ground for the international cooperation that followed.
Salyut 1 was the world's first space station, launched by the Soviet Union in 1971.
Salyut 6 was a second-generation Soviet space station whose two docking ports enabled long-duration crews and resupply by Progress cargo craft.
Salyut 7 was the last of the Salyut space stations and a bridge to the modular Mir, notable for a daring 1985 mission to revive the powered-down station.
Almaz was a series of Soviet military space stations flown under Salyut designations (Salyut 2, 3, and 5), developed for reconnaissance.
Zarya, the Functional Cargo Block, was the first module of the International Space Station, providing early power and propulsion. It was built in Russia but funded by and belongs to the United States.
Zvezda, the Service Module, provided the early ISS with life support, crew quarters, and propulsion, and was the structural heart of the Russian segment.
Pirs was a Russian docking compartment and airlock; it was undocked and deorbited in 2021 to make room for the Nauka module.
Rassvet is a small Russian module providing docking and storage on the ISS.
Poisk is a Russian module providing a docking port and an airlock for Russian-segment spacewalks.
Nauka is a Russian multipurpose laboratory module that replaced the Pirs compartment, adding research space, crew quarters, and an airlock.
Prichal is a spherical Russian nodal module with multiple docking ports, attached to Nauka.
Vostok was the first crewed spacecraft, carrying a single cosmonaut; Vostok 1 made Yuri Gagarin the first human in space.
Voskhod was a modified Vostok that carried multi-person crews and supported the first spacewalk.
The Soyuz spacecraft has carried crews to orbit for over five decades and remains a primary means of reaching the ISS.
Progress is the long-serving Russian uncrewed cargo spacecraft, derived from Soyuz, that resupplies space stations and reboosts their orbits.
The Soviet Salyut program operated the first generation of space stations, including the world's first station, Salyut 1.
The Mir program operated the first modular long-duration space station and pioneered international cooperation in orbit.
Sergei Krikalev — a veteran cosmonaut who flew on Mir, the Space Shuttle, and the ISS, and was a member of the first ISS expedition crew.
Gennady Padalka — a cosmonaut who commanded several ISS expeditions and holds the record for the most cumulative time spent in space.
The most-launched rocket lineage in history — descended from the R-7, the world's first ICBM (1957), and continued today by the crew-carrying Soyuz.
The world's first intercontinental ballistic missile, which in 1957 launched Sputnik 1 and founded the most prolific rocket lineage in history.
Russia's modular heavy-lift launcher built from common URM core boosters and burning kerosene/LOX, intended to replace the Proton.
The Soviet super heavy-lift rocket that launched the uncrewed Buran shuttle, flying only twice before the program ended.
A Ukrainian-designed medium-lift kerosene/LOX rocket whose first stage traces to the Energia boosters, flown from Baikonur and the Sea Launch ocean platform.
The Soviet super heavy-lift Moon rocket; all four launch attempts (1969–1972) failed and the program was cancelled. The flown vehicle used Kuznetsov NK-15 engines; the improved NK-33 (for the never-flown N1F) flew decades later on other rockets.
Russia's global navigation satellite system, providing worldwide positioning and timing from medium Earth orbit.
Russia's deep-space communication facilities, operated by Roscosmos, with large antennas at Ussuriysk in the Far East and historically at Bear Lakes and Yevpatoria (Crimea). It descends from the Soviet deep-space network that supported the Luna, Venera, and Mars probes.
A Russian deep-space tracking station in the Far East, part of the network that descends from the Soviet-era deep-space facilities.
Roscosmos's Mission Control Center in Korolyov, near Moscow, which directs Russian human spaceflight and the Russian segment of the International Space Station.
A national or multinational government body that funds, directs, and carries out a country's space program — from human spaceflight and robotic exploration to Earth observation and launch. NASA, ESA, JAXA, ISRO, Roscosmos, and CNSA are the largest.
The Soviet Union launches Sputnik 1, the first artificial satellite, opening the space age and stunning the world with its steady radio beep from orbit.
Yuri Gagarin orbits the Earth once aboard Vostok 1, becoming the first human in space and the first to orbit the planet.
The Zarya module launches, the first piece of the International Space Station — the largest structure ever assembled in space, built by fifteen nations.
The American Association of Variable Star Observers — for more than a century, the organisation that gathers variable-star observations from amateurs worldwide into a single database that professional astronomers draw on. The model for how amateur and professional astronomy work together.
The Agência Espacial Brasileira is the civilian agency responsible for Brazil's space programme.
The Association of Lunar and Planetary Observers, which coordinates amateur observation of the Moon, the planets, comets, and asteroids — organising observing programmes and archiving the results so that amateur monitoring of the Solar System adds up to something lasting.
Arianespace is a European launch service provider that markets and operates launches of the Ariane family of rockets from the Guiana Space Centre.
The Agenzia Spaziale Italiana is Italy's national space agency, a significant contributor to ESA and to international planetary science missions.
A commercial operator of a low-Earth-orbit constellation for rapid-revisit Earth imaging.
Facts on this topic will be cited from these primary and reference sources.
Mission data, planetary science, space telescopes, and public-domain imagery.
Most NASA-produced imagery is in the public domain; individual items are checked for usage terms before publication.