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Loading contentSpinning a spacecraft or a short-radius centrifuge to create an outward force that mimics gravity. A long-studied but not yet operational countermeasure that could address many effects of weightlessness at once.
The physiological effects this countermeasure targets.
Facts on this topic will be cited from these primary and reference sources.
Mission data, planetary science, space telescopes, and public-domain imagery.
Most NASA-produced imagery is in the public domain; individual items are checked for usage terms before publication.