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Loading contentThe intermediate orbit into which launch vehicles deliver payloads bound for geostationary orbit, from which the satellite raises itself.
An elliptical transfer orbit with perigee in low Earth orbit and apogee at the geostationary altitude, used to carry a satellite most of the way to GEO before its own engine circularises the orbit.
The intermediate orbit into which launch vehicles deliver payloads bound for geostationary orbit, from which the satellite raises itself.
1 satellite and constellations modelled in this orbit.
ESA's pioneering astrometry satellite, which precisely measured the positions, distances, and motions of over 100,000 stars — the forerunner of Gaia. An apogee-motor failure left it in a highly elliptical orbit, yet it still delivered landmark astrometric catalogues.
Facts on this topic will be cited from these primary and reference sources.
Mission data, planetary science, space telescopes, and public-domain imagery.
Most NASA-produced imagery is in the public domain; individual items are checked for usage terms before publication.
European missions, observatories, and space science imagery.