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Loading contentA technique that uses the spacecraft's own radio signal as an instrument — tracking tiny frequency shifts to weigh a planet, map its gravity field, and probe its atmosphere and rings by how they bend the signal.
Cassini's radio-science experiment, which used the spacecraft's radio link — tracking tiny frequency shifts and radio occultations — to weigh Saturn, map its gravity field, and probe the structure of its rings and atmosphere.
Facts on this topic will be cited from these primary and reference sources.
Mission data, planetary science, space telescopes, and public-domain imagery.
Most NASA-produced imagery is in the public domain; individual items are checked for usage terms before publication.
Orbital data, ephemerides, and small-body parameters for planets, asteroids, and comets.