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Loading contentNASA's Center for Near-Earth Object Studies, at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, which computes near-Earth-object orbits and impact risk and maintains the public fireball database. Its reported velocity for the 2014-01-08 bolide is the basis of a debated — and unconfirmed — claim of an interstellar meteor.
organization:cneosDataset membership
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Scientific entity. See the evidence framework and authority dashboard.
How CNEOS connects across Asteria Star — scientific, cultural, and astrological links are kept separate.
A bright meteor (bolide) that entered Earth's atmosphere near Papua New Guinea on 8 January 2014, recorded in NASA CNEOS's fireball database. From the reported high velocity it was proposed in 2019 to have originated outside the Solar System, which would make it a candidate interstellar meteor. The claim is disputed: the underlying velocity data come from US Government sensors whose uncertainties are not public, and the interstellar interpretation is not accepted by the wider community. It is not a confirmed interstellar object.
Automatic systems at CNEOS and ESA continuously propagate every known orbit forward for a century or more, flagging any that could approach Earth. Apophis was tracked this way until observations ruled out an impact for the next century.
Explaining a risk to decision-makers and the public accurately and without alarm — including retracting a warning when better data clears an object, as happened with Apophis. Clear communication is itself part of planetary defence.
A 0–10 scale, like a hazard traffic light, for communicating the risk of a near-Earth object to the public — combining impact probability and energy into a single colour-coded number. Apophis briefly reached level 4, the highest ever, before further observations returned it to zero.
A more technical, logarithmic scale used by specialists to rank impact hazards against the background risk of a random impact of the same size over the same time. Values below zero mean a threat less than the everyday background; above zero warrants attention.
NASA JPL's Center for Near-Earth Object Studies computes close-approach tables and impact-risk (Sentry) summaries for asteroids and comets, served through the Solar System Dynamics APIs. Modelled as a real provider with an honest status; no approach distance or date is shown until it is connected.
The American Association of Variable Star Observers — for more than a century, the organisation that gathers variable-star observations from amateurs worldwide into a single database that professional astronomers draw on. The model for how amateur and professional astronomy work together.
The Agência Espacial Brasileira is the civilian agency responsible for Brazil's space programme.
The Association of Lunar and Planetary Observers, which coordinates amateur observation of the Moon, the planets, comets, and asteroids — organising observing programmes and archiving the results so that amateur monitoring of the Solar System adds up to something lasting.
Arianespace is a European launch service provider that markets and operates launches of the Ariane family of rockets from the Guiana Space Centre.
The Agenzia Spaziale Italiana is Italy's national space agency, a significant contributor to ESA and to international planetary science missions.
A commercial operator of a low-Earth-orbit constellation for rapid-revisit Earth imaging.
Facts on this topic will be cited from these primary and reference sources.
Mission data, planetary science, space telescopes, and public-domain imagery.
Most NASA-produced imagery is in the public domain; individual items are checked for usage terms before publication.
Orbital data, ephemerides, and small-body parameters for planets, asteroids, and comets.